Background: This study was undertaken to review long-term results of total colectomy and end ileostomy for Crohn disease. Methods: Sixty-nine patients who underwent total colectomy and end ileostomy with an oversewn rectal stump for Crohn disease between 1962 and 1997 were reviewed. Postoperative complications, fate of the rectum or small-bowel recurrence, factors affecting complications and recurrence rates, and risk of rectal carcinoma are discussed. Results: Fourteen patients had an emergency colectomy. There were no operative or postoperative deaths. In all except five patients symptoms were rapidly relieved. The commonest postoperative complication was an intra-abdominal sepsis (12%). Only five patients (7%) underwent ileorectal anastomosis, of whom two required proctectomy later. Overall, 37 patients (54%) required proctectomy, with a median duration of 2 years. Sixteen patients (23%) developed small-bowel recurrence requiring surgery, with a median duration of 6.8 years. None of the following factors affected the proctectomy rate: sex, age at operation, duration of symptoms, smoking, perforating disease, coexisting small-bowel disease, preoperative proctitis, perianal disease, emergency operation, postoperative complications, or medical treatment. Youth was the only factor associated with a significantly higher reoperation rate for small-bowel recurrence. One patient developed an adenocarcinoma in a rectovaginal fistula, which was curatively resected at proctectomy. Conclusions: Total colectomy and end ileostomy is a safe and effective procedure. However, a few patients underwent ileorectal anastomosis, and half of the patients required proctectomy. The small-bowel recurrence rate is low. Regular surveillance of the retained rectum is advised because of a small cancer risk.
Please note, this page is printable by selecting the normal print options on your computer. Introduction Subtotal Colectomy and formation of Ileostomy is the name given to the operation to remove the diseased part of your bowel. The operation can be done in two ways. • It can either be performed in the traditional method of opening up the tummy from above your navel (tummy button) down in a straight line (approximately twenty centimetres in length). The wound will either be stitched, stapled or glued back together at the end of the operation and will heal in ten to fourteen days in an uncomplicated case. • Or the operation can be performed laparoscopically. The other names for laparoscopic surgery are keyhole surgery, minimal access surgery or minimally invasive surgery. A laparoscope is like a thin telescope with a light source. The laparoscope is passed into the abdomen through a small incision (cut) in the skin often referred to as a port. It is used to light up and magnify the structures inside the abdomen. This is then connected to a television monitor so that the surgeon can see clearly inside the abdomen. Fine instruments are then passed into the abdomen through three or four small incisions in the skin. These instruments are used to lift, cut and take a biopsy from inside the abdomen. The decision of which method is used to perform your operation will always be made with your best interests in mind and discussed with you. However, occasionally it is necessary to abandon laparoscopic surgery and open up the abdomen, if it becomes difficult to proceed safely with laparoscopic surgery. The Large Bowel  Subtotal Colectomy and formation of Ileostomy The large bowel is removed from where the small and large bowel joins all the way round to your back passage (rectum). The end of the small bowel is then brought out through the abdomen and stitched onto the tummy. This is called an ileostomy (stoma) and it drains the waste from the bowel into a stoma bag. The waste from this part of the bowel is more liquid than waste from your bottom. Some of your back passage will be left in place to allow you to have reconstructive surgery at another time if that is what you choose. Reconstructive surgery would allow the ileostomy to be closed. You will see the specialist stoma nurse before your surgery for information and advice about the ileostomy. We understand this is a difficult time for you but we are here to help you. Please feel free to contact the stoma nurse on 01908 660033 and ask for extension 3070. Risks of this operation Any operation carries a risk, the risks of all operations include: • Chest Infection. This would require antibiotics and physiotherapy • Blood Clots in the legs (deep vein thrombosis) or in the lung (pulmonary embolism). We decrease this risk by using elastic stockings and blood thinning injections. • Anaesthetic. This operation is carried out under a general anaesthetic (you will be asleep). If you would like an explanation sheet about general anaesthetics and the associated risks please ask for one. If you are at increased risk because of other medical problems you may have your consultant will refer you to an anaesthetist for a formal assessment. • Bleeding. This is can occur with any operation • Patients who are very overweight, smoke or have other medical problems are at increased risk of all of these complications. • Compartment Syndrome – Compartment syndrome is a rare but painful and potentially serious condition caused by bleeding or swelling to an enclosed space within the muscles. The pressure within the space can increase to such an extent that it affects the function of the muscle and nerves. The area most likely affected with the operation you are having is the legs, this is due to the position your legs have to be in during the operation, however it can affect your arms, tummy or the cheeks of your bottom. Pain is the most common symptom followed by numbness. The treatment is an operation called a fasciotomy. The surgeon would need to open the skin and muscle of the area affected to relieve the pressure and prevent permanent damage. The wound is dressed but is not closed with stitches until approximately 48-72 hours later. You may not be allowed to get out of bed and weight bare until the wound has been closed. This is a major operation that has serious risks of which a small number of people do not survive. Your consultant will discuss your individual risks with you and answer any questions you have. Measures are taken to reduce these risks; however it is not possible to stop all risks completely. The risks of this operation also include • Wound breakdown. The wound on your tummy and around your stoma can break open often due to medication you have been receiving to help control you bowel problem. This would be treated by regular dressings. • Increased risk of infection because the bowel is an organ that is full of bacteria. This may be in the form of a wound infection or an infection inside the abdomen in the form of an abscess. Antibiotics are given to help control the infection and sometimes drainage of an abscess is necessary. • Bowel stops working. This is temporary but can cause bloating of the tummy and sickness • Ileostomy -There are some associated risks with having a stoma. They are, hernia formation around the stoma, retraction of the stoma, prolapse of the stoma and skin irritation around the stoma. The stoma specialist will discuss all of these with you before your surgery. Risks of not having the surgery Just as there are risks of having surgery there are also risks of not having surgery. These include symptoms such as pain, bleeding and diarrhoea becoming worse and your bowel could even burst Preparation for Surgery After Surgery • Pain control will be administered through either an epidural (tube into your back) or a drip (tube into the veins on your arm). This will help you move around more freely. As you recover these will be removed and pain killers will be given in the form of tablets. The pain gradually eases, particularly once you are up and moving around. • Fluids in the form of a drip in your arm will keep you hydrated until you are able to drink freely. • A catheter (tube to your bladder) will drain your urine into a collection bag so we can accurately measure the amount. • A drain into your tummy-this is a tube to drain fluid away from the area where the bowel has been joined. This will be removed when it finishes draining usually within two to five days. These tubes will be removed as soon as possible depending on your recovery. The nursing staff will help you get you out of bed as soon as possible after the operation, being mobile helps to reduce the risk of complications from the operation. Diet Bowels Exercise You will be encouraged to get out of bed the following day and you will be seen by a physiotherapist who will to help you do this. You will be wearing elastic stockings to reduce your risk of a blood clot but moving around will also help. The physiotherapist will also give you deep breathing exercises as this will help prevent chest infections. Lifting after abdominal surgery is not recommended for approximately four weeks after your operation. The stoma nurse will give you detailed advice on lifting. Stoma Care Driving When you go home • Discharge or leakage from the wound or drain site • High temperature • Uncontrolled shivering/feeling hot then cold • Pain when passing urine/frequent need to pass urine or very offensive smelling urine • Difficulty with breathing, chestiness or cough with green or yellow phlegm • Pain in the calf, leg or chest • Abdominal pain which is different from the usual post operative soreness • Bleeding from the back passage • Vomiting Results of your Operation Confidentiality As part of your treatment some kind of photographic record may be made. For example, photographs or video. You will always be told if this is going to happen. The photograph or video will be kept with your notes and will be held in confidence as part of your medical record. This means that it will only be seen by those involved in providing care for you or by those needing to check the quality of care you have received. The use of photographs and video is also extremely important for other NHS work, such as teaching or medical research. If we would like to use the information for these purposes we would only do so with your permission. We do not use any information in a way that identifies you. This information leaflet is to support and not to replace discussion between you and your specialist. Before you give your consent to any treatment you should raise any questions you have with your specialist. Stoma Care Nurse Specialist 01908 996951 Please leave a message on our answer machine if we are not in the office. |
What is a total colectomy and ileostomy?
Related Posts
Copyright © 2024 themosti Inc.
