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Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a very rare but serious illness caused when toxins are released into the bloodstream from bacteria. The toxins can cause symptoms of shock and can also damage organs and body tissue, which can cause death if left untreated. It is often caused by staphylococcus aureus (staph) bacteria. TSS can affect anyone. It is more common among women when they are menstruating, but there is no evidence that tampons cause TSS. What are the symptoms of toxic shock syndrome?TSS can cause a number of symptoms, including: If you have any of these symptoms you should contact your doctor or call healthdirect on 1800 022 222 for further advice. CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS — Use the Symptom Checker and find out if you need to seek medical help. What causes toxic shock syndrome?TSS can happen after a burn or surgery, from a skin infection, soft tissue injuries, after childbirth or after a serious nosebleed. TSS is not caused by tampons, though staph bacteria live in the vagina and there is a higher chance of TSS during a period. It is important to replace tampons regularly and always wash your hands before inserting a tampon. How is toxic shock syndrome treated?TSS is treated in a hospital, using antibiotics and providing support to the other functions of the body that have been affected. Treatment is normally successful if TSS is detected early on. Can toxic shock syndrome be prevented?There are several ways you can help lower your chance of developing TSS, these include:
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Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a cluster of symptoms that involves many systems of the body. Certain bacterial infections release toxins into the bloodstream, which then spreads the toxins to body organs. This can cause severe damage and illness. What causes toxic shock syndrome?The following bacteria commonly cause TSS:
TSS from Staphylococcus infections was identified in the late 1970s and early 1980s when highly absorbent tampons were widely used by menstruating women. Due to changes in how tampons are made, the incidence of tampon-induced TSS has declined. TSS from streptococcus infections is most commonly seen in children and the elderly. Other people at risk include those with diabetes, weak immune system, chronic lung disease, or heart disease.
Who is at risk for toxic shock syndrome?The following are risk factors for toxic syndrome:
What are the symptoms of toxic shock syndrome?Symptoms of TSS involve many systems and may look like other infections. While each person may experience symptoms differently, the following are the most common symptoms of staphylococcal TSS:
The following are the most common symptoms of streptococcal TSS:
The following are the most common symptoms of C. sordellii TSS:
How is toxic shock syndrome diagnosed?Ruling out similar illnesses (such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, among others) is critical in diagnosing TSS. Other diagnostic tests may include:
How is toxic shock syndrome treated?Specific treatment will be determined by your health care provider based on:
Treatment for TSS may include:
What are the complications of toxic shock syndrome?TSS can result in amputations of fingers, toes, or limbs, or even death. Can toxic shock syndrome be prevented?
When should I call my health care provider?TSS may start like other infections, but it can quickly progress to a seriously life-threatening disease. If a mild illness quickly becomes severe with whole-body symptoms, seek immediate medical attention. Key Points about Toxic Shock Syndrome
Next StepsTips to help you get the most from a visit to your health care provider:
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