What was the intended purpose of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2008?

Ten years ago this month, Congress responded to the most serious economic crisis since the Great Depression by passing the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act).

This economic stimulus package, estimated to cost more than $800 billion, intended to promote economic recovery by:

  • Preserving and creating jobs
  • Assisting those most impacted by the recession
  • Providing investments for increasing economic efficiency by spurring advances in science and health technology
  • Investing in transportation, environmental protection, and other infrastructure; and
  • Stabilizing state and local government budgets to avoid reductions in services and state and local tax increases

So, ten years on, what do we know about the effects of the Recovery Act? Today’s WatchBlog explores GAO’s work related to the scope of the Recovery Act and longer-term effects on the transparency of federal spending.

Spending and accountability

Starting in 2009, Recovery Act funds were distributed to federal agencies, states, localities, for-profit corporations and nonprofit organizations, as well as to individuals through grants, contracts, loans, tax benefits, and other assistance. Many Recovery Act projects focused on immediately jumpstarting the economy. Others, such as those focused on technology, infrastructure, and the environment, were expected to contribute to economic growth for many years.

Grants played a key role in the Recovery Act—states and localities received about $219 billion through federal grant programs for health care, transportation, energy, housing, and education. These grants came with aggressive timelines for spending the money quickly to create and retain jobs and stabilize state and local budgets.

Funding recipients were also required to publicly report on how they used Recovery Act funds to ensure transparency and accountability.

What was the intended purpose of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2008?

Following the money

Starting in 2009, we have conducted in-depth reviews of Recovery Act programs in 16 states, the District of Columbia, and selected localities—which encompassed about two-thirds of Recovery Act funds and 65 percent of the U.S. population.

Our work reviewed numerous programs in areas such as Highway Infrastructure and Public Transportation, Health Care, Energy, Public Housing, and Education.

What was the intended purpose of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2008?

We identified challenges and successes that federal, state, and local governments had in meeting the Recovery Act’s accountability and transparency requirements. For example, while the act required the creation of the Recovery.gov website, which demonstrated several leading practices for effective government websites, some agencies struggled with meeting the act’s oversight requirements due to lack of funding for oversight at the state and local levels, staffing shortages, and the short timelines for spending the funding.

A lasting legacy

The Recovery Act also paved the way for legislation that changed the standards for the transparency of government spending. Congress passed the Digital Accountability and Transparency Act of 2014 (the DATA Act), partly due to lessons learned from the Recovery Act.

The DATA Act requires federal agencies to prepare and submit standardized, accurate information about the trillions of dollars they spend each year.

We’ve reported on a number of issues related to the DATA Act, including a lack of accuracy and consistency in how agencies report their data, and we continue to monitor its implementation.

To learn more, visit our website.

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The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 is a federal law passed by the U.S Congress to provide relief to American families after the Great Recession of 2008. ARRA is otherwise called the Recovery Act, Obama Stimulus and the stimulus package of 2009. This law was signed into law by President Barrack Obama in 2009. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 was passed to stimulate economic recovery in the United States. This law was designed to improve health care, education, and provide infrastructure for American families.

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What is included in the American Recovery And Reinvestment Act?

ARRA is a law passed as a response to the Great Depression of 2008. This law provided tax relief, basic infrastructures, and amenities for families in the U.S. ARRA as federal law was also passed to aid the recovery of jobs lost during the Great Depression and create more employment for American citizens. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) was signed into law on February 17, 2019. When signed into law by President Obama, the Act was to disburse $787 billion as of relief to American citizens. This amount was intended to compensate Americans for job losses and other financial hardships encountered during the recessional period.

Objectives of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act

There are many initiatives and objectives that were intended for the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 to achieve. The major objectives of ARRA include;

  • The Act was designed to disburse about $787 billion to American families in form of tax reliefs, provision of infrastructure, quality health care, quality education, and other recovery plans.
  • Provision of tax reliefs for families such as offering deductions of family taxes up to $800.
  • The act allocated up to $87 as medical aid to states as a way of aiding medical recovery in these states.
  • Over $100 billion was allocated for education while over $80 billion was provided for infrastructure projects.

Opinions on the Efficacy of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 received different reactions from different quarters, this was a mix of both positive and negative reactions. While the supporters of the Act clamored that stimulus spending was not enough for economic recovery which created the need for ARRA, opponents of ARRA opined that too much government spending will be largely inefficient due to the bureaucratic tendencies of government offices. Economists were also pitched in different positions when it comes to the efficacy ARRA, however, the effects of the Act are largely noticeable as the eco

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 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Overview

PROGRAMSTOTAL
OBLIGATIONS
AWARD
RECIPIENTS
Smart Grid Investment Grant$3,482,831,00099
Smart Grid Regional and Energy Storage Demonstration Projects$684,829,00032
Workforce Development Program$100,000,00052
Interconnection Transmission Planning$80,000,0006
State Assistance for Recovery Act Related Electricity Policies$48,619,00049
Enhancing State Energy Assurance$43,500,00050
Enhancing Local Government Energy Assurance$8,024,00043
Interoperability Standards and Framework$12,000,0001
Program Direction1$27,812,000--
1 Program Direction supports administration and management of OE's Recovery funds


The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act) - which President Obama signed into law on February 17th, 2009 - was an unprecedented action to stimulate the economy. It included measures to modernize our nation’s energy and communication infrastructure and enhance energy independence. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act) provided DOE with $4.5 billion to modernize the electric power grid. Under the largest program, the Smart Grid Investment Grant (SGIG), DOE and the electricity industry jointly invested about $9.5 billion in 99 cost-shared projects involving more than 200 participating electric utilities and other organizations to modernize the electric grid, strengthen cybersecurity, improve interoperability, and collect an unprecedented level of data on smart grid operations and benefits. The Recovery Act allowed DOE to invest $600 million along with $900 million industry cost share in 32 Regional Smart Grid Demonstrations and Energy Storage Demonstration projects under the Smart Grid Demonstration Program (SGDP). The goal of SGDP was to demonstrate new and more cost-effective smart grid technologies, tools, techniques, and system configurations that significantly improve on the ones commonly used today. The Recovery Act also provided funding for more than 50 smart grid workforce development projects that helped prepare the next generation of workers in the utility and electrical manufacturing industries and six projects that strengthened the capabilities for long-term analysis and planning in the three interconnections serving the lower 48 states. Funding also allowed states to hire new staff and retrain existing employees to ensure they can quickly and effectively review proposed electricity projects, supported the development of interoperability standards, and allowed 47 states, Washington DC, and 43 cities to develop energy assurance plans for natural disasters.

From the beginning, the Recovery Act investment was intended to energize industry and help accelerate work being done so that investments would go farther and so faster progress could be made in transforming our aging infrastructure into a system that better supports American consumers and a vibrant, growing economy. Because of this unprecedented investment, the nation’s grid today is more reliable, resilient, flexible, efficient and secure. A fact sheet that describes in more detail how the Recovery Act investment has allowed Americans to start experiencing the benefits of the future grid today is available HERE.