The diversity within the wild bird species in the diagram can best be explained by which process

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• Correct Answer: D

  Solution :

  [d] Eobionts are also called protocell or protobiont. There are two types of eobionts- coacervates and microsphere. Coacervates lack membrane, no one claims coacervates are alive, but they do exhibit some life like characters. They are able to grow and divide. Microsphere is a non- living collection of organic molecule with double layered outer boundary. The terrm was given by Sidney Fox (1958 - 1964).

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• Correct Answer: D

  Solution :

  [d] It was reported in 1.989 by Nobel Laureaute, Thomas Cech that RNA molecules can act as their own enzymes in certain microorganisms.

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• Correct Answer: A

  Solution :

  [a] The potato (stem modification) and sweet potato (root modification) are the examples of analogy. Analogy is the similarity of function and superficial resemblance of structures that have different origins.

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• Correct Answer: D

  Solution :

  [d] Theories of origin of life and their creators or supporter are as follows: (i) Theory of Special Creation - The greatest supporter of this theory was father Suarez. (ii) Theory of Spontaneous Creation - This concept was held by early Greek philosophers like Thales, Plato Aristotle. (iii) Cosmozoic    Theory or Theory of Panspermia - This theory was proposed by Richter (1828). (iv) Theory of Eternity of Life - This theory was proposed by Prayer in 1880. (v) Theory of Catastrophism - This theory was given by Georges Cuvier (1769-1832) (vi) Modem Theory - Oparin (1938) and Haldane (1929) gave similar views regarding the origin of life called chemical or naturalistic theory.

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• Correct Answer: B

  Solution :

  [b] Only certain new world monkeys have a prehensile tail.

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• Correct Answer: D

  Solution :

  [d] The given figure of Bougainvillea and Cucurbita shows an example of homologous organ or divergent evolution. Homologous organ are those organs which are dissimilar in shape, size and function but their origin, basic plan and development are similar. Other examples in animals are fore limbs of frog, reptile, birds and mammals. Such differences are due to divergent evolution or adaptation for varied conditions.

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• Correct Answer: D

  Solution :

  [d] Nature selects those set of characters that are best adapted to the environment. This has resulted in the great diversity seen I the population of finches.

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• Correct Answer: A

  Solution :

  [a] Convergent evolution is the process whereby organisms which are not closely related independently evolve similar traits as a result of capability to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches. It is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function, but that were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups.

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• Correct Answer: B

  Solution :

  [b] The term evolution was given by Herbert Spencer that is "descent with modifications". Evolution helps us to understand the history of life.

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• Correct Answer: D

  Solution :

  [d] Speciation through reproductive isolation is one of the important consequences of geographical isolation. Geographical isolation is a group of plants, animals or other living individuals being separated from mixing genes within their same species.  Geographical isolation may ultimately lead to the populations becoming separate species by adaptive radiation.

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• Correct Answer: A

  Solution :

  [a] Stabilising selection favours individuals about the mean.

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• Correct Answer: D

  Solution :

  [d] Primordial conditions on the earth were high temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere containing \[C{{H}_{4,}}N{{H}_{3}},{{H}_{2}},\]etc. There was no oxygen on the primitive earth. The first living organisms developed among the organic molecule and in oxygen free atmosphere. They presumably obtained energy by the fermentation of organic compounds and were almost certainly heterotrophs, requiring readymade organic materials as food. They were also anaerobic i.e. capable of respiration in the absence of oxygen.

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• Correct Answer: D

  Solution :

  [d] Reproductive isolation recalls that gene flow does not occur, which sets the stage for possible divergence of traits that eventually can lead to speciation.

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• Correct Answer: A

  Solution :

  [a] Reproductive isolation is necessary for speciation to occur. Likewise, natural selection must take place for adaptive evolution to occur.

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• Correct Answer: B

  Solution :

  [b] Evolution is a continuous process is which progeny with modification are produced.

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• Correct Answer: D

  Solution :

  [d] Microevolution is a series of changes within a species due to gene mutation and accumulation of variations.

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• Correct Answer: C

  Solution :

  [c] The given statements are the evidences for Darwin's theory of common descent. A group of organisms share common descent, if they have a common ancestor. There is strong quantitative support for the theory that all living organisms on Earth are descended from a common ancestor. Charles Darwin proposed the theory of universal common descent through an evolutionary process in the 'Book Origin of Species'.

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