How to cite a scholarly article in text

Helpful Tips:              

DOI: If a journal article has a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) listed, you will always include this identifier in your reference as a URL.

Online Database: For works from databases that publish works of limited circulation (such as the ERIC database) or original, proprietary material available only in that database (such as UpToDate), include the name of the database or archive and the URL of the work. If the URL requires a login or is session specific, meaning it will not resolve for readers, provide the URL of the database or specific archive home page or login page instead of the URL for the work.

Print: If you viewed a journal article in its print format, be sure to check if it has a DOI listed. If it does not, your reference to the article would end after you provide the page range of the article.

Date: When possible, include the year, month, and date in references. If the month and date are not available, use the year of publication.

General Format 

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): 

      (Author Surname & Author Surname, Year)

      In-Text Citation (Quotation):

      (Author Surname & Author Surname, Year, page number)

      References:

      Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., & Author Surname, First Initial. Second 

            Initial. (Year). Article title: Subtitle. Journal Title, Volume(issue), page range.

            http://dx.doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx

Example 1

 In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):

      (Paterson & Thorne, 2003)

      In-Text Citation (Quotation):

      (Paterson & Thorne, 2003, p. 30)

      References:

      Paterson, B. L., & Thorne, S. (2003). Enhancing the evaluation of nursing care

            effectiveness. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 35(3), 26-38.

Example 2

   In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): 

      (Sillick & Schutte, 2006)

      In-Text Citation (Quotation):

      (Sillick & Schutte, 2006, p. 43)

      References:

      Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate

            between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied

            Psychology, 2(2), 38-48.

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given., & Last Name of Second Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number), first page number-last page number. https://doi.org/doi number

Note: Separate the authors' names by putting a comma between them. For the final author listed add an ampersand (&) after the comma and before the final author's last name.

Note: In the reference list invert all authors' names; give last names and initials for only up to and including 20 authors. When a source has 21 or more authors, include the first 19 authors’ names, then three ellipses (…), and add the last author’s name. Don't include an ampersand (&) between the ellipsis and final author.

Note: For works with three or more authors, the first in-text citation is shortened to include the first author's surname followed by "et al."

Reference List Examples

Two to 20 Authors

Case, T. A., Daristotle, Y. A., Hayek, S. L., Smith, R. R., & Raash, L. I. (2011). College students' social networking experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 3(2), 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.010

21 or more authors

Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetma, A., . . . Joseph, D. (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77(3), 437-471. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2

In-Text Citations

Two Authors/Editors

(Case & Daristotle, 2011)

Direct Quote: (Case & Daristotle, 2011, p. 57)

Three or more Authors/Editors

(Case et al., 2011)

Direct Quote: (Case et al., 2011, p. 57)

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