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Indiana University Bloomington
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What are the freezing and boiling temperatures of water in degrees Celsius, kelvins, and degrees Fahrenheit?
- Define temperature.
- Describe the Fahrenheit temperature scale.
- Describe the Celsius temperature scale.
- Describe the Kelvin temperature scale.
Touch the top of the stove after it has been on and it feels hot. Hold an ice cube in your hand and it feels cold. Why? The particles of matter in a hot object are moving much faster than the particles of matter in a cold object. An object’s kinetic energy is the energy due to motion. The particles of matter that make up the hot stove have a greater amount of kinetic energy than those in the ice cube.
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in matter. In everyday usage, temperature indicates a measure of how hot or cold an object is. Temperature is an important parameter in chemistry. When a substance changes from solid to liquid, it is because there was an increase in the temperature of the material. Chemical reactions usually proceed faster if the temperature is increased. Many unstable materials (such as enzymes) will be viable longer at lower temperatures.
Temperature Scales
As can be seen by the 100 kelvin difference between the two, a change of one degree on the Celsius scale is equivalent to the change of one kelvin on the Kelvin scale. Converting from the Kelvin scale to the Celsius scale or vice versa is easy, as you simply add or subtract 273.
Converting between the Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature scales is a little bit trickier but still not too difficult. To convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius, first multiply the temperature in Celsius (TC) by 1.8 and then add 32, in that order.
TF=1.8×TC+32\text{T}_{\text{F}}=1.8\times\text{T}_{\text{C}}+32TF=1.8×TC+32
To convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit, first subtract 32 from the temperature in Fahrenheit then divide by 1.8, in that order.TC=TF−321.8\displaystyle\text{T}_{\text{C}}=\frac{\text{T}_{\text{F}}-32}{1.8}TC=1.8TF−32
- Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in matter.
- The Fahrenheit scale defines the freezing point of water as 32°F and the boiling point as 212°F.
- The Celsius scale sets the freezing point and boiling point of water at 0°C and 100°C respectively.
- The Kelvin scale is based on molecular motion, with the temperature of 0 K, also known as absolute zero, being the point where all molecular motion ceases.
Use the link below to answer the following questions:
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- What mixture did Fahrenheit use to set his thermometer at zero degrees?
- Why is the Celsius scale preferred in scientific work over the Fahrenheit scale?
- What was the idea behind the establishment of the Kelvin temperature scale?
- What is the advantage of using the Kelvin scale at low temperatures?
- What is absolute zero on the Celsius temperature scale?
- What are the freezing and boiling points of water in the Celsius scale?
- Convert the following Kelvin temperatures to degrees Celsius.
- Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit can be converted to Celsius by first subtracting 32, then dividing by 1.8. What is the Celsius temperature outside on a warm day (88°F)?
- Why is the Celsius scale sometimes called “centigrade”?
Glossary
- kinetic energy: The energy due to motion
- temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in matter. In everyday usage, temperature is how hot or cold an object is
- temperature scale: A way of measuring temperature quantitatively. There are three major scales used today.
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