What contains groups of computer files?

A file is the common storage unit in a computer, and all programs and data are "written" into a file and "read" from a file. A folder holds one or more files, and a folder can be empty until it is filled. A folder can also contain other folders, and there can be many levels of folders within folders. Folders within a folder are technically known as "subfolders," but this distinction is often disregarded.

Folders provide a method for organizing files much like a manila file folder contains paper documents in a file cabinet. In fact, files that contain text are often called documents.

Folders are also called "directories," and they are created on the hard drive (HD) or solid state drive (SSD) when the operating system and applications are installed. Files are always stored in folders. In fact, even the computer's desktop is a special kind of folder that displays its contents across the screen (see desktop).

File Extensions

Files are identified by a short "extension" following a period at the end of their name. For example, ABC.JPG is a JPEG image, ABC.DOC is a Microsoft Word document file, and ABC.EXE is an executable application in Windows. Although extensions can be added to folder names, extensions are primarily a file convention.

Sometimes Files Are Really Folders

Although not identified as such, what appears to be a single file may really be a folder. For example, starting with Microsoft Word 2007, the default document format was no longer a DOC file, but a DOCX file; in reality, a ZIP archive containing many folders and files (see Office Open XML and ZIP file). The same change occurred in Microsoft Excel 2007, migrating from the XLS to XLSX worksheet formats.

In the Mac, an application has an APP extension, and what appears to be a single file is actually a folder (see APP file). See file, folder and extension.

From Wikibooks, open books for an open world

A file can be defined as a collection of data or information. However, the computer treats every file like a single unit. Therefore each file has a filename. For example a file created in word is different from a file created in a wave editing program. There are two types of files. There are Program files and Data Files. Program files, at heart, can be described as files containing software instructions. Program files are then made up by two files called, source program files and executable files. Source program files contain the original form of instructions from the creator. These are then translated in executable files so the processor can interpret them and carry out the function of the file. The Other type of main file is data files. These are basically to hold data. These are not like program files in which they actually carry out a function on the computer. Rather they contain information that is to be acted on by the program files. There are they types of files that make up data files. These are Graphic Files, Audio files and Animation/Video files. Graphic files can easily be thought of, of the pictures you see. Audio Files are the music files you listen to. Animation/Video files are the movies or clips that you watch on your computer.

Copying and Moving Files and Folders[edit | edit source]

Copying and moving files and folders is a very easy and simple task to do. It helps you keep your computer organized and helps to keep you folders readily available. The first step to take in order for you to do this is to find the folder that you want to move. Then you highlight (select) the folder and right click to copy or cut the folder. This copies the file to the clipboard. Then you will go to the location where you want to put the file and right click and paste it there. (This is for windows 7).

Deleting Files and Folders[edit | edit source]

This task is very useful to keep your computer clean and organized. You might want to delete these files to keep your computer organized or even to get your computer going faster. The first step to take to delete a file or folder is to go to the drive and folder where your file is located. Then you will select that file and drag it to the recycle icon on your desktop. What you can also do is select and press the delete key. This will delete your folder. If you delete a folder it will delete every file in that folder.

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Working with files

Understanding how to work with files and folders is an important part of using your computer. Once you understand how files and folder work, you'll use them all the time. In this lesson, we'll show you the absolute basics of working with files, including how to open files, move your files into folders, and delete files.

Watch the video below to learn more about using files and folders in Windows.

There are many different types of files you can use. For example, Microsoft Word documents, digital photos, digital music, and digital videos are all types of files. You might even think of a file as a digital version of a real-world thing you can interact with on your computer. When you use different applications, you'll often be viewing, creating, or editing files.

Files are usually represented by an icon. In the image below, you can see a few different types of files below the Recycle Bin on the desktop.

What is a folder?

Windows uses folders to help you organize files. You can put files inside a folder, just like you would put documents inside a real folder. In the image below, you can see some folders on the desktop.

File Explorer

You can view and organize files and folders using a built-in application known as File Explorer (called Windows Explorer in Windows 7 and earlier versions).

To open File Explorer, click the File Explorer icon on the taskbar, or double-click any folder on your desktop. A new File Explorer window will appear. Now you're ready to start working with your files and folders.

From File Explorer, double-click a folder to open it. You can then see all of the files stored in that folder.

Notice that you can also see the location of a folder in the address bar near the top of the window.

To open a file:

There are two main ways to open a file:

• Find the file on your computer and double-click it. This will open the file in its default application. In our example, we'll open a Microsoft Word document (Cover Letter.docx), which will open in Microsoft Word.

• Open the application, then use the application to open the file. Once the application is open, you can go to the File menu at the top of the window and select Open.

Moving and deleting files

As you begin using your computer, you will start to collect more and more files, which can make it more difficult to find the files you need. Fortunately, Windows allows you to move files to different folders and delete files you no longer use.

To move a file:

It's easy to move a file from one location to another. For example, you might have a file on the desktop that you want to move to your Documents folder.

1. Click and drag the file to the desired location.

2. Release the mouse. The file will appear in the new location. In this example, we have opened the folder to see the file in its new location.

You can use this same technique to move an entire folder. Note that moving a folder will also move all of the files within that folder.

To create a new folder:

1. Within File Explorer, locate and select the New folder button. You can also right-click where you want the folder to appear, then select New > Folder.

2. The new folder will appear. Type the desired name for the folder and press Enter. In our example, we'll call it School Documents.

3. The new folder will be created. You can now move files into this folder.

To rename a file or folder:

You can change the name of any file or folder. A unique name will make it easier to remember what type of information is saved in the file or folder.

1. Click the file or folder, wait about one second, and click again. An editable text field will appear.
2. Type the desired name on your keyboard and press Enter. The name will be changed.

You can also right-click the folder and select Rename from the menu that appears.

To delete a file or folder:

If you no longer need to use a file, you can delete it. When you delete a file, it is moved to the Recycle Bin. If you change your mind, you can move the file from the Recycle Bin back to its original location. If you're sure you want to permanently delete the file, you will need to empty the Recycle Bin.

1. Click and drag the file to the Recycle Bin icon on the desktop. You can also click the file to select it and press the Delete key on your keyboard.

2. To permanently delete the file, right-click the Recycle Bin icon and select Empty Recycle Bin. All files in the Recycle Bin will be permanently deleted.

Note that deleting a folder will also delete all of the files within that folder.

Selecting multiple files

Now that you know the basics, here are a few tips to help you move your files even faster.

Selecting more than one file

There are a few ways to select more than one file at a time:

• If you're viewing your files as icons, you can click and drag the mouse to draw a box around the files you want to select. When you're done, release the mouse; the files will be selected. You can now move, copy, or delete all of these files at the same time.

• To select specific files from a folder, press and hold the Control key on your keyboard, then click the files you want to select.

• To select a group of files from a folder, click the first file, press and hold the Shift key on your keyboard, then click the last file. All of the files between the first and last ones will be selected.

Selecting all files

If you want to select all files in a folder at the same time, open the folder in File Explorer and press Ctrl+A (press and hold the Control key on your keyboard, then press A). All of the files in the folder will be selected.

Ctrl+A is an example of a keyboard shortcut. We'll talk more about these in our lesson on Keyboard Shortcuts in Windows.

If working with files and folders feels a little tricky right now, don't worry! Like anything else, working with files and folders is largely a matter of practice. You'll start to feel more comfortable as you continue using your computer. In the next lesson, we'll talk about another important concept: how to find files on your computer that you can't easily locate.

Shortcuts

If you have a file or folder you use frequently, you can save time by creating a shortcut on the desktop. Instead of navigating to the file or folder each time you want to use it, you can simply double-click the shortcut to open it. A shortcut will have a small arrow in the lower-left corner of the icon.

Note that creating a shortcut does not create a duplicate copy of the folder; it's simply a way to access the folder more quickly. If you delete a shortcut, it will not delete the actual folder or the files it contains. Also note that copying a shortcut onto a flash drive will not work; if you want to bring a file with you, you'll need to navigate to the actual location of the file and copy it to the flash drive.

To create a shortcut:

1. Locate and right-click the desired folder, then select Send to Desktop (create shortcut).

2. A shortcut to the folder will appear on the desktop. Notice the arrow in the lower-left corner of the icon. You can now double-click the shortcut to open the folder at any time.
   

You can also hold the Alt key on your keyboard, then click and drag the folder to the desktop to create a shortcut.

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