The period of simple pendulum is doubled when its length is increased by 0.9m.the original length is

A ball of mass 2kg is attached to a string of length 4m, forming a pendulum. If the string is raised to have an angle of 30 degrees below the horizontal and released, what is the velocity of the ball as it passes through its lowest point?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

This question deals with conservation of energy in the form of a pendulum. The equation for conservation of energy is:

According to the problem statement, there is no initial kinetic energy and no final potential energy. The equation becomes:

Subsituting in the expressions for potential and kinetic energy, we get:

We can eliminate mass to get:

Rearranging for final velocity, we get:

In order to solve for the velocity, we need to find the initial height of the ball.

The following diagram will help visualize the system:

From this, we can write:

Using the length of string and the angle it's held at, we can solve for

Now that we have all of our information, we can solve for the final velocity:

A pendulum has a period of 5 seconds. If the length of the string of the pendulum is quadrupled, what is the new period of the pendulum?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

We need to know how to calculate the period of a pendulum to solve this problem. The formula for period is:

In the problem, we are only changing the length of the string. Therefore, we can rewrite the equation for each scenario:

Dividng one expression by the other, we get a ratio:

We know that

, so we can rewrite the expression as:

Rearranging for P2, we get:

A student studying Newtonian mechanics in the 19th century was skeptical of some of Newton's concepts. The student has a pendulum that has a period of 3 seconds while sitting on his desk. He attaches the pendulum to a ballon and drops it off the roof of a university building, which is 20m tall. Another student realizes that the pendulum strikes the ground with a velocity of

. What is the period of the pendulum as it is falling to the ground?

Neglect air resistance and assume

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

We need to know the formula for the period of a pendulum to solve this problem:

We aren't given the length of the pendulum, but that's ok. We could solve for it, but it would be an unnecessary step since the length remains constant.

We can write this formula for the pendulum when it is on the student's table and when it is falling:

1 denotes on the table and 2 denotes falling. The only thing that is different between the two states is the period and the gravity (technically the acceleration of the whole system, but this is the form in which you are most likely to see the formula). We can divide the two expressions to get a ratio:

Canceling out the constants and rearranging, we get:

We know g1; it's simply 10. However, we need to calculate g2, which is the rate at which the pendulum and balloon are accelerating toward the ground. We are given enough information to use the following formula to determine this:

Removing initial velocity and rearranging for acceleration, we get:

Plugging in our values:

This is our g2. We now have all of the values to solve for T2:

A pendulum of mass

has a period

. If the mass is quadrupled to

, what is the new period of the pendulum in terms of

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The mass of a pendulum has no effect on its period. The equation for the period of a pendulum is

, which does not include mass.

A pendulum of length

will take how long to complete one period of its swing?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The period of a pendulum is given by the following formula:

Substituting our values, we obtain:

Roughly 6.3 seconds is the time it takes for the pendulum to complete one period.

In the lab, a student has created a pendulum by hanging a weight from a string. The student releases the pendulum from rest and uses a sensor and computer to find the equation of motion for the pendulum:

The student then replaces the weight with a weight whose mass,

is twice as large as that of the original weight without changing the length of the string. The student again releases the weight from rest from the same displacement from equilibrium. What would the new equation of motion be for the pendulum?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The period and frequency of a pendulum depend only on its length and the gravity force constant,

. Changing the mass of the pendulum does not affect the frequency, and since the student released the new pendulum from the same displacement as the old, the amplitude and phase remain the same, and the equation of motion is the same for both pendula.

The student then replaces the string with a string whose length,

is twice as large as that of the original string without changing the mass of the weight. The student again releases the weight from rest from the same displacement from equilibrium. What would the new equation of motion be for the pendulum?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Doubling the length of a pendulum increases the period, so it decreases the frequency of the pendulum. The frequency depends upon the square root of the length, so the frequency decreases by a factor of

. Neither of the other parameters (amplitude, phase) change.

A pendulum of length

has a mass of

attached to the bottom. Determine the frequency of the pendulum if it is released from a shallow angle.

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The frequency of a pendulum is given by:

Where

is the length of the pendulum and

is the gravity constant. Notice how the frequency is independent of mass.

Plugging in values:

How will increasing the mass at the end of a pendulum change the period of it's motion? Assume a shallow angle of release.

Possible Answers:

It depends on how much mass is added

Correct answer:

There will be no change

Explanation:

The frequency of a pendulum is given by:

Where is the length of the pendulum and is the gravity constant. The frequency is independent of mass. Thus, adding mass will have no effect.

If a simple pendulum is set to oscillate on Earth, it has a period of

. Now suppose this same pendulum were moved to the Moon, where the gravitational field is 6 times less than that of Earth.

What is the period

of this pendulum on the Moon in terms of

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The period of a simple pendulum is given by:

Where

is the period of the pendulum,

is the length of the pendulum, and

is the gravitational constant of the planet we are on. Thus on Earth, the period

is given by:

With

being Earth's gravitational constant. The period on the Moon is given by:

With

being the Moon's gravitational constant. Since the Moon's gravity is 6 times weaker than that of Earth's, we have:

Plug this value into the Moon pendulum equation:

Since

Substituting this into the above expression gives us

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