Is ibuprofen 600 mg good for toothache

1. Matthew JD. Pain management for dentists. TFDA. 2008;8:33–37. [Google Scholar]

2. Donaldson M, Goodchild JH. Appropriate analgesic prescribing for the general dentist. Gen Dent. 2010;58(4):291–7. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

3. Menhinick KA, Gutmann JL, Regan JD, Taylor SE, Buschang PH. The efficacy of pain control following nonsurgical root canal treatment using ibuprofen or a combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int Endod J. 2004;37(8):531–41. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

4. Johnsen DC, Harshbarger J, Rymer HD. Quantitative assessment of neural development in human premolars. AnatRec. 1983;205:421–429. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

5. Malmberg AB, Yaksh TL. Hyperalgesia mediated by spinal glutamate or substance P receptor blocked by spinal cyclooxygenase inhibition. Science. 1992;257:1276–1279. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

6. Dubner R, Bennett GJ. Spinal and trigeminal mechanisms of nociception. Annu Rev Neurosci. 1983;6:381–418. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

7. Kalyvas DG, Tarenidou M. Influence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on osseointegration. J Oral Sci. 2008;50:239–246. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

8. Celotti F, Laufer S. Anti-inflammatory drugs: new multitarget compounds to face an old problem. The dual inhibition concept. Pharmacol Res. 2001;43:429–436. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

9. Ferreira SH. Peripheral analgesic sites of action of anti-inflammatory drugs. Int J Clin Pract Suppl. 2002;(128):2–10. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

10. Ong CK, Seymour RA. An evidence-based update of the use of analgesics in dentistry. Periodontol 2000. 2008;46:143–164. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

11. Battistini B, Botting R, Bakhle YS. COX-1 and COX-2: toward the development of more selective NSAIDs. Drugs News Perspect. 1994;7:501–512. [Google Scholar]

12. Cryer B, Feldman M. Cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 selectivity of widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Am J Med. 1998;104:413–421. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

13. Graul A, Martel AM, Castaner J. Celecoxib: anti-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Drugs of the Future. 1997;22:711–714. [Google Scholar]

14. Clissold SP. Paracetamol and phenacetin. Drugs. 1986;32:46–59. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

15. Vane JR, Botting RM. Anti-inflammatory drugs and their mechanism of action. Inflamm Res. 1998;47:S78–S87. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

16. Davies NM, Good RL, Roupe KA, Yáñez JA. Cyclooxygenase-3: axiom, dogma, anomaly, enigma or splice error? – Not as easy as 1, 2, 3. JPharm Pharm Sci. 2004;7:217–226. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

17. Serhan CN, Maddox JF, Petasis NA, et al. Design of lipoxin A4 stable analogs that block transmigration and adhesion of human neutrophils. Biochemistry. 1995;34:14609–14615. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

18. Claria J, Lee MH, Serhan CN. Aspirin-triggered lipoxins (15-epi-LX) are generated by the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549)-neutrophil interactions and are potent inhibitors of cell proliferation. Mol Med. 1996;2:583–596. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

19. Serhan CN. Novel omega–3-derived local mediators in anti-inflammation and resolution. Pharmacol Ther. 2005;105:7–21. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

20. Adams SS. The propionic acids: a personal perspective. J Clin Pharmacol. 1992;32:317–323. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

21. Seymour RA, Walton JG. Pain control after third molar surgery. Int J Oral Surg. 1984;13:457–485. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

22. Frame JW, Evans CR, Flaum GR, Langford R, Rout PG. A comparison of ibuprofen and dihydrocodeine in relieving pain following wisdom teeth removal. Br Dent J. 1989;166:121–124. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

23. Hill CM, Carroll MJ, Giles AD, Pickvance N. Ibuprofen given pre-and post-operatively for the relief of pain. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1987;16:420–424. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

24. Jain AK, Ryan JR, McMahon FG, Kuebel JO, Walters PJ, Noveck C. Analgesic efficacy of low-dose ibuprofen in dental extraction pain. Pharmacotherapy. 1986;6:318–322. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

25. Adams SS, Bresloff P, Mason CG. Pharmacological differences between the optical isomers of ibuprofen; evidence for metabolic inversion of the (−)-isomer. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1976;28:256–257. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

26. Gaut ZN, Baruth H, Randall LO, Ashley C, Paulsrud JR. Stereoisomeric relationships among anti-inflammatory activity, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase. Prostaglandins. 1975;10:59–66. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

27. Evans AM, Nation RL, Sansom LN, Bochner F, Somogyi AA. Effect of racemic ibuprofen dose on the magnitude and duration of platelet cycleoxygenase inhibition: relationship between inhibition of thromboxane production and the plasma unbound concentration of S(+)-ibuprofen. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;31:131–38. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

28. Rainsford KD. Discovery, mechanisms of action and safety of ibuprofen. Int J Clin Pract Suppl. 2003:3–8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

29. Jamali F, Mehvar R, Russell AS, Sattari S, Yakimets WW, Koo J. Human pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers following different doses and formulations: intestinal chiral inversion. J Pharm Sci. 1992;81:221–225. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

30. Walson PD, Galletta G, Braden NJ, Alexander L. Ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and placebo treatment of febrile children. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1989;46:9–17. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

31. Mäkelä A-L, Lempiänen M, Yrjänä T. Ibuprofen in the treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: Metabolism and concentrations in synovial fluid. Brit J Clin Pract. 1980;6:23–27. [Google Scholar]

32. Ferreira SH, Moncada S, Vane JR. Prostaglandins and the mechanism of analgesia produced by aspirin-like drugs. Br J Pharmacol. 1973;49:86–97. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

33. Ferreira SH. Local control of inflammatory pain. Agents Actions. 1981;11:636–638. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

34. Nielsen JC, Bjerring P, Arendt-Nielsen L, Petterson KJ. A double-blind, placebo controlled, cross-over comparison of the analgesic effect of ibuprofen 400 mg and 800 mg on laser-induced pain. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1990;30:711–715. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

35. Dubinsky B, Schupsky JJ. Mechanism of action of suprofen, a new peripheral analgesic, as demonstrated by its effects on several nociceptive mediators. Prostaglandins. 1984;28:241–252. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

36. Fowler CJ, Stenström A, Tiger G. Ibuprofen inhibits the metabolism of the endogenous cannabimimetic agent anandamide. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1997;80:103–107. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

37. Fowler CJ, Janson U, Johnson RM, Wahlstrom G, Stenstrom A, Norstrom K, Tiger G. Inhibition of anandamide hydrolysis by the enantiomers of ibuprofen, ketorolac, and flurbiprofen. Arc Biochem Biophys. 1999;362:191–6. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

38. Guindon J, De Léan A, Beaulieu P. Local interactions between anandamide, an endocannabinoid, and ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in acute and inflammatory pain. Pain. 2006;121:85–93. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

39. Guindon J, Beaulieu P. The Role of the Endogenous Cannabinoid System in Peripheral Analgesia. Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2009;2:134–139. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

40. Hargreaves KM, Dionne RA, Mueller GP, Goldstein DS, Dubner R. Naloxone, fentanyl, and diazepam modify plasma beta-endorphinlevels during surgery. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1986;40:165–171. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

41. Dionne RA, McCullagh L. The S(+) isomer of ibuprofen-suppresses plasma beta-endorphin coincident with analgesia inhumans. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1998;63:694–701. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

42. Lokken P, Olsen I, Bruaset I, Norman-Pedersen K. Bilateralsurgical removal of impacted third molar teeth as a model fordrug evaluation: a test with ibuprofen. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1975;8:209–216. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

43. Troullos ES, Hargreaves KM, Butler DP, Dionne RA. Comparison of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ibuprofenand flurbiprofen, with methylprednisolone and placebofor acute pain, swelling and trismus. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1990;48:945–952. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

44. Schultze-Mosgau S, Schmelzeisen R, Frolich JC, Schmele H. Use of ibuprofen and methylprednisolone for the preventionof pain and swelling after removal of impacted third molars. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1995;53:2–7. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

45. Davies NM. Clinical pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen. The first 30 years. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1998;34:101–154. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

46. Forrest JAH, Clements JA, Prescott LF. Clinical pharmacokinetics of paracetamol. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1982;7:93–107. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

47. Lim JH, Cochetto DM, Duggan DE. Protein binding as a primary determinant of the clinical pharmacokinetic properties of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1987;12:402–432. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

48. Woodhouse KW, Wynne H. The pharmacokinetics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the elderly. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1987;12:111–122. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

49. Seymour RA, Hawkesford JE, Weldon M, Brewster D. An evaluation of different ibuprofen preparations in the control of postoperative pain after third molar surgery. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;31:83–87. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

50. Sharma NK, Kindelan JD, Hutchinson D, Lancaster L. A study to compare ibuprofen effervescent granules with ibuprofen tablets in the treatment of acute dental pain. Prim Den Care. 1994;1:5–8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

51. Li G, Treiber G, Maier K, Walker S, Klotz U. Disposition of ibuprofen in patients with liver cirrhosis. Stereochemical considerations. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1993;25:154–163. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

52. Albert KS, Gernaat CM. Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen. Am J Med. 1984;77:40–46. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

53. Kepp DR, Sidelmann UG, Hansen SH. Isolation and characterization of major phase I and II metabolites of ibuprofen. Pharm Res. 1997;14:676–680. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

54. Shirley MA, Guan X, Kaiser DG, Halstead GW, Baillie TA. Taurine conjugation of ibuprofen in humans and in rat liver in vitro. Relationship to metabolic chiral inversion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1994;269:1166–1175. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

55. Schneider HT, Nuernberg B, Dietzel K, Brune K. Biliary elimination on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1990;29:127–131. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

56. Strassburg CP, Strassburg A, Kneip S, et al. Developmental aspects of human hepatic drug glucuronidation in young adults and children. Gut. 2002;50:259–265. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

57. Laska EM, Sunshine A, Marrero I, Olson N, Siegel C, McCormick N. The correlation between blood levels of ibuprofen and clinical analgesic response. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1986;40:1–7. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

58. Benvenuti C, Cancellieri V, Gambaro V, Lodi F, Marozzi E, Scaroni C. Pharmacokinetics of two new oral formulations of ibuprofen. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1986;24:308–312. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

59. Walton RE, Reader AF. Local anesthesia. In: Walton RE, Torabinejad M, editors. Principles and practice of endodontics. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 2002. pp. 99–117. [Google Scholar]

60. Wallace JA, Michanowicz AE, Mundell RD, Wilson EG. A pilot study of the clinical problem of regionally anesthetizing the pulp of an acutely inflamed mandibular molar. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1985;59:517–521. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

61. Malamed SF. Handbook of Local Anesthesia. 4th ed. St Louis: Mosby; 1997. [Google Scholar]

62. Gutmann JL, Dumsha T. Problem solving in endodontics. In: Gutmann JL, Dumsha TC, Lovdahl PE, Hovland EG, editors. Problems in Managing Endodontic emergencies. St Louis: C.V. Mosby; 1997. [Google Scholar]

63. Hargreaves KM, Keiser K. Local anesthetic failure in endodontics: mechanisms and management. Endodontic Topics. 2002;1:26–39. [Google Scholar]

64. Rood JP, Pateromichelakis S. Inflammation and peripheral nerve sensitisation. Br J Oral Surg. 1981;19:67–72. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

65. Cohen S, Liewehr F. Diagnostic procedures. In: Cohen S, Burns RC, editors. Pathways of the pulp. 8th edition. St Louis (MO): Mosby; 2002. pp. 3–30. [Google Scholar]

66. Ingle JI, Walton RE, Malamed SF, et al. Preparation for endodontic treatment. In: Ingle JI, Bakland LK, editors. Endodontics. 5th ed. Hamilton: BC Decker Inc; 2002. pp. 357–404. [Google Scholar]

67. Cohen HP, Cha BY, Spångberg LS. Endodontic anesthesia in mandibular molars: a clinical study. J Endod. 1993;19:370–373. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

68. Nusstein J, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Meyers WJ. Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous injection of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in irreversible pulpitis. J Endod. 1998;24:487–491. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

69. Reisman D, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Weaver J. Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous injection of 3% mepivacaine in irreversible pulpitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1997;84:676–682. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

70. Nakanishi T, Matsuo T, Ebisu S. Quantitative analysis of immunoglobulins and inflammatory factors in human pulpal blood from exposed pulps. J Endod. 1995;21:131–136. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

71. Hargreaves KM, Keiser K, Byrne BE. Analgesics in endodontics. In: Cohen S, Hargreaves KM, editors. Pathways of the Pulp. Ninth ed. St Louis: Mosby Elsevier; 2006. pp. 668–90. [Google Scholar]

72. Henry MA, Hargreaves KM. Peripheral mechanisms of odontogenic pain. Dent Clin North Am. 2007;51:19–44. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

73. Wassef M, Pelage JP, Velzenberger E, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of ibuprofen-loaded embolization beads in sheep uterus. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2008;86:63–73. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

74. Gould HJ, 3rd, England JD, Soignier RD, et al. Ibuprofen blocks changes in Nav 1.7 and 1.8 sodium channels associated with complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammation in rat. J Pain. 2004;5:270–280. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

75. Gibbs JL, Hargreaves KM. Mechanisms of odontogenic and non-odontogenic pain. In: Ingle JI, Bakland LK, Baumgartner JC, editors. Ingle's Endodontics 6. BC Decker Inc; 2008. pp. 376–391. [Google Scholar]

76. Ianiro SR, Jeansonne BG, McNeal SF, Eleazer PD. The effect of preoperative acetaminophen or a combination of acetaminophen and Ibuprofen on the success of inferior alveolar nerve block for teeth with irreversible pulpitis. J Endod. 2007;33:11–14. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

77. Modaresi J, Dianat O, Mozayeni MA. The efficacy comparison of ibuprofen, acetaminophen-codeine, and placebo premedication therapy on the depth of anesthesia during treatment of inflamed teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;102:399–403. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

78. Seymour RA, Ward-Booth P, Kelly PJ. Evaluation of different doses of soluble ibuprofen and ibuprofen tablets in postoperative dental pain. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1996;34:110–114. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

79. Parirokh M, Ashouri R, Rekabi AR, et al. The effect of premedication with ibuprofen and indomethacin on the success of inferior alveolar nerve block for teeth with irreversible pulpitis. J Endod. 2010;36:1450–1454. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

81. Hargreaves KM, Hutter JW. Endodontic pharmacology: pain management strategies. In: Cohen S, Burns R, editors. Pathways of the Pulp. St Louis: Mosby; 2002. pp. 665–682. [Google Scholar]

82. Fouad AF. Molecular mediators of pulpal inflammation. In: Hargreaves KM, Goodis HE, editors. Seltzer and Bender's dental pulp. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co.; 2002. pp. 247–279. [Google Scholar]

83. Hargreaves KM, Seltzer S. Pharmacologic control of dental pain. In: Hargreaves KM, Goodis HE, editors. Seltzer’s& Bender’s Dental Pulp Carol Stream. IL: Quintessence Publishing Co; 2002. pp. 205–225. [Google Scholar]

84. Lipton J, Ship JA, Larach-Robinson D. Estimated prevalence and distribution of reported of orofacial pain in the United States. J Am Dent Assoc. 1993;124:115–121. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

85. Wideman G, Keffer M, Morris E, Doyle RT, Jr, Jiang JG, Beaver WT. Analgesic efficacy of a combination of hydrocodone with Ibuprofen in postoperative pain. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1999;65:66–76. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

86. Mickel AK, Wright AP, Chogle S, Jones JJ, Kantorovich I, Curd F. An analysis of current analgesic preferences for endodontic pain management. J Endod. 2006;32:1146–1154. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

87. Cooper SA. The relative efficacy of ibuprofen in dental pain. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 1986;7:578–588. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

88. Sutherland S, Matthews DC. Emergency management of acute apical periodontitis in the permanent dentition: a systematic review of the literature. J Can Dent Assoc. 2003;69:160. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

89. Haas DA. Local and systemic therapeutics for the control of endodontic pain. Alpha Omegan. 1997;90:73–76. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

90. Krasner P, Jackson E. Management of posttreatment endodontic pain with oral dexa-methasone: a double-blind study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1986;62:187–190. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

91. Chong BS, Pitt Ford TR. Postoperative pain after root-end resection and filling. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005;100:762–766. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

92. Kvist T, Reit C. Postoperative discomfort associated with surgical and nonsurgical endodontic retreatment. Endod Dent Traumatol. 2000;16:71–74. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

93. Houck V, Reader A, Beck M, Nist R, Weaver J. Effect of trephination on postoperative pain and swelling in symptomatic necrotic teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;90:507–513. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

94. Gopikrishna V, Parameswaran A. Effectiveness of prophylactic use of rofecoxib in comparison with Ibuprofen on postendodontic pain. J Endod. 2003;29:62–64. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

95. Litkowski LJ, Christensen SE, Adamson DN, Van Dyke T, Han SH, Newman KB. Analgesic efficacy and tolerability of oxycodone 5 mg/ibuprofen 400 mg compared with those of oxycodone 5 mg/acetaminophen 325 mg and hydrocodone 7.5 mg/acetaminophen 500 mg in patients with moderate to severe postoperative pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose, parallel-group study in a dental pain model. Clin Ther. 2005;27:418–429. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

96. Keenan JV, Farman AG, Fedorowicz Z, Newton JT. A Cochrane systematic review finds no evidence to support the use of antibiotics for pain relief in irreversible pulpitis. J Endod. 2006;32:87–92. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

97. Hitchcock M, Ogg TW. Anaesthesia for day-case surgery. Br J Hosp Med. 1995;54:202–206. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

98. Cooper SA. Models for clinical assessment of oral analgesics. Am J Med. 1983;75(Suppl 5A):24–29. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

99. Cooper SA, Schachtel BP, Goldman E, Gelb S, Cohn P. Ibuprofen and acetaminophen in the relief of acute pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Pharmacol. 1989;29:1026–1030. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

100. Seymour RA, Frame J, Negus TW, Hawkesford JT, Marsden J, Matthew IR. The comparative efficacy of aceclofenac and ibuprofen in post-operative pain after third molar surgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1998;36:375–379. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

101. Cooper SA, Beaver WT. A model to evaluate mild analgesics in oral surgery outpatients. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1976;20:241–250. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

102. Dionne RA, Campbell RA, Cooper SA, Hall DL, Buckingham B. Suppression of postoperative pain by preoperative administration of ibuprofen in comparison to placebo, acetaminophen, and acetaminophen plus codeine. J Clin Pharmacol. 1983;23:37–43. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

103. Dionne RA, Cooper SA. Evaluation of preoperative ibuprofen for postoperative pain after removal of third molars. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1978;45:851–856. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

104. Barden J, Edwards JE, McQuay HJ, Andrew Moore R. Pain and analgesic response after third molar extraction and other postsurgical pain. Pain. 2004;107:86–90. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

105. Ahlstrom U, Bakshi R, Nilsson P, Wåhlander L. The analgesic efficacy of diclofenac dispersible and ibuprofen in postoperative pain after dental extraction. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1993;44:587–588. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

106. Dionne R. Relative efficacy of selective COX-2 inhibitors compared with over-the-counter ibuprofen. Int J Clin Pract Suppl. 2003;(135):18–22. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

107. Campbell WI, Kendrick R, Patterson C. Intravenous diclofenac sodium does its administration before operation suppress postoperative pain? Anaesthesia. 1990;45:763–766. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

108. Richmond CE, Bromley LM, Woolf CJ. Preoperative morphine preempts postoperative pain. Lancet. 1993;342:73–75. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

109. Collis R, Brandner B, Bromley LM, Woolf CJ. Is there any clinical advantage of increasing the pre-emptive dose of morphine or combining pre-incisional with postoperative morphine administration? Br J Anaesth. 1995;74:396–399. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

110. Yoon DM, Ahn EY, Lee YW. The effect of pre-emptive analgesia with intravenous morphine for post-operative pain relief. Eighth World Congress on Pain, International Association for the Study of Pain; Seattle. Seattle: IASP Press; 1996. [Google Scholar]

111. Kissin I. Preemptive analgesia: problems with assessment of clinical significance. Methods Mol Biol. 2010;617:475–482. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

112. Kissin I. Preemptive analgesia. Anesthesiology. 2000;93:1138–1143. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

113. Schou S, Nielsen H, Nattestad A, et al. Analgesic dose-response relationship of ibuprofen 50, 100, 200 and 400mg after surgical removal of third molars: a single dose, randomised, placebo-controlled double-blind study of 304 patients. Clin Pharmacol. 1998;385:447–454. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

114. Jones K, Seymour RA, Hawkesford JE. Are the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen important determinants for the drug’s efficacy in postoperative pain after third molar surgery? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1997;35:173–176. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

115. Joshi A, Snowdon AT, Rood JP, Worthington HV. Pain control after routine dento-alveolar day surgery: a patient satisfaction survey. Br Dent J. 200;189:439–442. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

116. Cooper SA, Precheur H, Rauch D, Rosenheck A, Ladou M, Engel J. Evaluation of oxycodone and acetaminophen in the treatment of post-operative dental pain. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1980;50:496–501. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

117. Desjardins PJ, Shu VS, Recker DP, Verburg KM, Woolf CJ. A single preoperative oral dose of valdecoxib, a new cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitor, relieves post-oral surgery or bunionectomy pain. Anesthesiology. 2002;97:565–573. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

118. Woolf CJ, Chong MS. Pre-emptive analgesia – treating post-operative pain by preventing the establishment of central sensitization. Anesth Analg. 1993;77:362–379. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

119. Dahl JB, Kehlet H. The value of pre-emptive analgesia in the treatment of post-operative pain. Br J Anaesth. 1993;70:434–439. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

120. McQuay H. Pre-emptive analgesia: a systematic review of clinical studies. Ann Med. 1995;27:249–256. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

121. Møiniche S, Kehlet H, Dahl JB. A qualitative and quantitative systematic review of preemptive analgesia for postoperative pain relief: the role of timing of analgesia. Anesthesiology. 2002;96:725–741. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

122. Sisk AL, Mosley RO, Martin RP. Comparison of pre-operative and post-operative diflunisal for suppression of post-operative pain. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1989;47:464–468. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

123. Sisk AL, Grover BJ. A comparison of preoperative and postoperative naproxen sodium for suppression of postoperative pain. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1990;48:674–678. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

124. Bridgman JB, Gillgrass TG, Zacharias M. The absence of any preemptive analgesic effect for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1996;34:428–431. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

125. Gustafsson I, Nystrom E, Quiding H. Effect of preoperative paracetamol on pain after oral surgery. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1983;24:63–65. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

126. Dupuis R, Lemay H, Bushnell MC, Duncan GH. Preoperative flurbiprofen in oral surgery: a method of choice in controlling postoperative pain. Pharmacotherapy. 1988;8:193–200. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

127. Joshi A, Parara E, Macfarlane TV. A double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial of the effect of preoperative ibuprofen, diclofenac, paracetamol with codeine and placebo tablets for relief of postoperative pain after removal of impacted third molars. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004;42:299–306. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

128. Esteller-Martínez V, Paredes-García J, Valmaseda-Castellón E, Berini-Aytés L, Gay-Escoda C. Analgesic efficacy of diclofenac sodium versus ibuprofen following surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2004;9:448–453. 444–448. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

129. Barden J, Edwards JE, McQuay HJ, Wiffen PJ, Moore RA. Relative efficacy of oral analgesics after third molar extraction. Br Dent J. 2004;197:407–11. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

130. Averbuch M, Katzper M. Severity of baseline pain and degree of analgesia in the third molar post-extraction dental pain model. Anesth Analg. 2003;97:163–167. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

131. Zamiril B, Mousavizadeh K, Tajoddini M, Mohammadinezhad C, Aarabi AM. Comparison of Ibuprofen, Celecoxib and Tramadol in Relief of Pain after Extraction of Mandibular Third Molar Teeth. IR-CMJ. 2009;11(4):431–436. [Google Scholar]

132. Jamali F, Kun-Dober C. Pain-mediated altered absorpition and metabolism of ibuprofen: an explanation for decreased serum enantiomer concentration after dental surgery. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1999;47:391–6. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

133. Forbes JA, Kehm CJ, Grodin CD. Evaluation of ketorolac, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and an acetaminophen-codeine combination in postoperative oral surgery pain. Pharmacotherapy. 1990;10:94S–105S. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

134. Ram D, Peretz B. Administering local anaesthesia to paediatric dental patients - current status and prospects for the future. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2002;12:80–89. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

135. Goddard JM, Pickup SE. Postoperative pain in children. Anaesthesia. 1996;51:588–590. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

136. Primosch RE, Antony SJ, Courts FJ. The efficacy of preoperative analgesic administration for postoperative pain management of pediatric dental patients. Anesth Pain Control Dent. 1993;2:102–106. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

137. Perrott DA, Goodenough B, Champion GD. Children's ratings of the intensity and unpleasantness of post-operative pain using facial expression scales. Eur J Pain. 2004;8:119–127. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

138. Drendel AL, Gorelick MH, Weisman SJ, Lyon R, Brousseau DC, Kim MK. A randomized clinical trial of ibuprofen versus acetaminophen with codeine for acute pediatric arm fracture pain. Ann Emerg Med. 2009;54:553–560. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

139. Sharaf AA. Evaluation of mandibular infiltration versus block anesthesia in pediatric dentistry. ASDC J Dent Child. 1997;64:276–281. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

140. Pogrel MA, Bryan J, Regezi J. Nerve damage associated with inferior alveolar nerve blocks. J Am Dent Assoc. 1995;126:1150–1155. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

141. Marinho RO. Abducent nerve palsy following dental local analgesia. Br Dent J. 1995;179:69–70. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

142. Gazal G, Bowman R, Worthington HV, Mackie IC. A double-blind randomized controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of topical bupivacaine in reducing distress in children following extractions under general anaesthesia. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2004;14:425–431. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

143. Primosch RE, Nichols DL, Courts FJ. Comparison of preoperative ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and placebo administration on the parental report of postextraction pain in children. Pediatr Dent. 1995;17:187–191. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

144. Pickering AE, Bridge HS, Nolan J, Stoddart PA. Double-blind, placebo controlled analgesic study of ibuprofen or rofecoxib in combination with paracetamol for tonsillectomy in children. Br J Anaesth. 2002;88:72–77. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

145. McGaw T, Raborn W, Grace M. Analgesics in pediatric dental surgery: relative efficacy of aluminum ibuprofen suspension and acetaminophen elixir. ASDC J Dent Child. 1987;54:106–109. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

146. Gazal G, Mackie IC. A comparison of paracetamol, ibuprofen or their combination for pain relief following extractions in children under general anaesthesia: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2007;17:169–177. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

147. Henry PJ. Oral implant restoration for enhanced oral function. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2005;32:123–127. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

148. Davis BK. Dental aesthetics and the aging patient. Facial Plast Surg. 2006;22:154–160. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

149. Newman MG. The single-tooth implant as a standard of care. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999;14:621–622. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

150. Feine JS, Carlsson GE, Awad MA, et al. The McGill consensus statement on overdentures. Mandibular two-implant overdentures as first choice standard of care for edentulous patients. Gerodontology. 2002;19:3–4. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

151. Engquist B, Astrand P, Dahlgren S, Engquist E, Feldmann H, Gröndahl K. Marginal bone reaction to oral implants: a prospective comparative study of Astra Tech and Branemark System implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2002;13:30–37. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

152. Branemark PI. Osseointegration and its experimental background. J Prosthet Dent. 1983;50:399–410. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

153. Jeffcoat MK, Williams RC, Reddy MS, English R, Goldhaber P. Flurbiprofen treatment of human periodontitis: effect on alveolar bone height and metabolism. J Periodontal Res. 1988;23:381–385. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

154. Williams RC, Jeffcoat MK, Howell TH, et al. Altering the progression of human alveolar bone loss with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug flurbiprofen. J Periodontol. 1989;60:485–490. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

155. Jeffcoat MK, Page R, Reddy M, et al. Use of digital radiography to demonstrate the potential of naproxen as an adjunct in the treatment of rapidly progressive periodontitis. J Periodontal Res. 1991;26:415–421. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

156. Reddy MS, Palcanis KG, Barnett ML, Haigh S, Charles CH, Jeffcoat MK. Efficacy of meclofenamate sodium (Meclomen) in the treatment of rapidly progressive periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 1993;20:635–640. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

157. Jeffcoat MK, Reddy MS, Wang IC, Meuninghoff LA, Farmer JB, Koth DL. The effect of systemic flurbiprofen on bone supporting dental implants. J Am Dent Assoc. 1995;126:305–311. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

158. Gerstenfeld LC, Thiede M, Seibert K, et al. Differential inhibition of fracture healing by non-selective and cyclooxygenase-2 selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Orthop Res. 2003;21:670–675. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

159. Beck A, Krischak G, Sorg T, et al. Influence of diclofenac (group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) on fracture healing. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2003;123:327–332. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

160. Keller JC, Trancik TM, Young FA, St Mary E. Effects of indomethacin on bone ingrowth. J Orthop Res. 1989;7:28–34. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

161. Trancik T, Mills W, Vinson N. The effect of indomethacin, aspirin, and ibuprofen on bone ingrowth into a porous-coated implant. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989;249:113–121. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

162. Saudan M, Saudan P, Perneger T, Riand N, Keller A, Hoffmeyer P. Celecoxib versus ibuprofen in the prevention of heterotopic ossification following total hip replacement: a prospective randomised trial. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2007;89:155–159. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

163. Bek D, Beksaç B, Della Valle AG, Sculco TP, Salvati EA. Aspirin decreases the prevalence and severity of heterotopic ossification after 1-stage bilateral total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthrosis. J Arthroplasty. 2009;24:226–232. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

164. Stoltny T, Koczy B, Wawrzynek W, Miszczyk L. Heterotopic ossification in patients after total hip replacement. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil. 2007;9:264–272. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

165. Reddy MS, Jeffcoat MK, Richardson RC. Assessment of adjunctive flurbiprofen therapy in root-form implant healing with digital subtraction radiography. J Oral Implantol. 1990;16:272–276. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

166. Alissa R, Sakka S, Oliver R, et al. Influence of ibuprofen on bone healing around dental implants: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2009;2:185–199. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

167. Rainsford KD. Anti-inflammatory drugs in the 21st century. Sub-cell Biochem. 2007;42:3–27. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

168. Warner TD, Mitchell JA. Cyclooxygenases: new forms, new inhibitors, and lessons from the clinic. FASEB J. 2004;18:790–804. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

169. Kim DM, Koszeghy KL, Badovinac RL, Kawai T, Hosokawa I, Howell TH, et al. The effect of aspirin on gingival crevicular fluid levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators in patients with gingivitis. J Periodontol. 2007;78:1620–1626. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

170. Offenbacher S, Odle BM, Van Dyke TE. The use of crevicular fluid prostaglandin E2 levels as a predictor of periodontal attachment loss. J Periodontal Res. 1986;21:101–112. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

171. Inada M, Matsumoto C, Uematsu S, Akira S, Miyaura C. Membrane-bound prostaglandin E synthase-1-mediated prostaglandin E2 production by osteoblast plays a critical role in lipopolysaccharide-induced bone loss associated with inflammation. J Immunol. 2006;177:1879–1885. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

172. Pilbeam CC, Harrison JR, Raisz LG. Prostaglandins and bone metabolism. In: Bilezikian JP, Roasz LG, Rodan DA, editors. Principles of Bone Biology. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 1996. pp. 715–728. [Google Scholar]

173. Ramirez-Yanez GO, Seymour GJ, Walsh LJ, Forwood MR, Symons AL. Prostaglandin E2 enhances alveolar bone formation in the rat mandible. Bone. 2004;35:1361–1368. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

174. Stichtenoth DO, Tsikas D, Gutzki FM, Frolich JC. Effects of ketoprofen and ibuprofen on platelet aggregation and prostanoid formation in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1996;51:231–234. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

175. Kehoe MJ, Cohen SM, Zarrinnia K, Cowan A. The effect of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and misoprostol on prostaglandin E2 synthesis and the degree and rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod. 1996;66:339–349. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

176. Xiaoting L, Yin T, Yangxi C. Interventions for pain during fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. A systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2010;80:925–932. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

177. Oliver RG, Knapman YM. Attitudes to orthodontic treatment. Br J Orthod. 1985;12:179–188. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

178. Scheurer PA, Firestone AR, Burgin WB. Perception of pain as a result of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Eur J Orthod. 1996;18:349–357. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

179. Soltis JE, Nakfoor PR, Bowman DC. Changes in ability of patients to differentiate intensity of forces applied to maxillary central incisors during orthodontic treatment. J Dent Res. 1971;50:590–596. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

180. Jones ML. An investigation into the initial discomfort caused by placement of an archwire. Eur J Orthod. 1984;6:48–54. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

181. Ngan P, Kess B, Wilson S. Perception of discomfort by patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989;96:47–53. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

182. Krishnan V. Orthodontic pain: from causes to management – a review. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29:170–179. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

183. Profit WR. Contemporary Orthodontics. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book; 2000. [Google Scholar]

184. Gurton AU, Akin E, Sagdic D, Olmez H. Effects of PGI2 and TxA2 analogs and inhibitors in orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod. 2004;74:526–532. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

185. Sekhavat AR, Mousavizadeh K, Pakshir HR, Aslani FS. Effect of misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analog, on orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;122:542–547. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

186. Yamasaki K, Shibata Y, Fukuhara T. The effect of prostaglandins on experimental tooth movement in monkeys (Macaca fuscata) J Dent Res. 1982;61:1444–1446. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

187. Kale S, Kocadereli I, Atilla P, Assan E. Comparison of the effects of I,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol and prostaglandin E2 on orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;125:607–614. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

188. Vane JR. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism of action for aspirin-like drugs. Nat New Biol. 1971;231:232–235. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

189. Sandy JR, Harris M. Prostaglandins and tooth movement. Eur J Orthod. 1984;6:175–182. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

190. Kyrkanides S, O'Banion MK, Subtelny JD. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in orthodontic tooth movement: metalloproteinase activity and collagen synthesis by endothelial cells. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;118:203–209. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

191. Kehoe MJ, Cohen SM, Zarrinnia K, Cowan A. The effect of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and misoprostol on prostaglandin E2 synthesis and the degree and rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod. 1996;66:339–349. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

192. Roche JJ, Cisneros GJ, Acs G. The effect of acetaminophen on tooth movement in rabbits. Angle Orthod. 1997;67:231–236. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

193. Arias OR, Marquez-Orozco MC. Aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen: their effects on orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130:364–370. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

194. Olson NZ, Otero AM, Marrero I, et al. Onset of analgesia for liquigel ibuprofen 400 mg, acetaminophen 1000 mg, ketoprofen 25 mg, and placebo in the treatment of postoperative dental pain. J Clin Pharmacol. 2001;41:1238–1247. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

195. Forbes JA, Kehm CJ, Grodin CD, Beaver WT. Evaluation of ketorolac, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and an acetaminophen-codeine combination in postoperative oral surgery pain. Pharmacotherapy. 1990;10:94S–105S. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

196. Cooper SA. Five studies on ibuprofen for postsurgical dental pain. Am J Med. 1984;77:70–77. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

197. Minor V, Marris CK, McGorray SP, et al. Effects of preoperative ibuprofen on pain after separator placement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136:510–517. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

198. Parameter on chronic periodontitis with slight to moderate loss of periodontal support. American Academy of Periodontology. J Periodontol. 2000;71(5 Suppl):853–855. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

199. Parameter on periodontal maintenance. American Academy of Periodontology. J Periodontol. 2000;71(5 Suppl):849–850. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

200. Needleman I, Suvan J, Moles DR, Pimlott J. A systematic review of professional mechanical plaque removal for prevention of periodontal diseases. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32(Suppl 6):229–282. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

201. Pihlstrom BL, Hargreaves KM, Bouwsma OJ, Myers WR, Goodale MB, Doyle MJ. Pain after periodontal scaling and root planing. J Am Dent Assoc. 1999;130:801–807. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

202. van Steenberghe D, Garmyn P, Geers L, et al. Patients’ experience of pain and discomfort during instrumentation in the diagnosis and non-surgical treatment of periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2004;75:1465–1470. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

203. Hoffman A, Marshall RI, Bartold PM. Use of the vector scaling unit in supportive periodontal therapy: a subjective patient evaluation. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32:1089–1093. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

204. Kocher T, Rodemerk B, Fanghanel J, Meissner G. Pain during prophylaxis treatment elicited by two power-driven instruments. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32:535–538. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

205. Sachs CJ. Oral analgesics for acute nonspecific pain. Am Fam Physician. 2005;71:913–918. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

206. Fornasini G, Monti N, Brogin G, et al. Preliminary pharmacokinetic study of ibuprofen enantiomers after administration of a new oral formulation (ibuprofen arginine) to healthy male volunteers. Chirality. 1997;9:297–302. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

207. Black P, Max MB, Desjardins P, Norwood T, Ardia A, Pallotta T. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of the analgesic efficacy, onset of action, and tolerability of ibuprofen arginate and ibuprofen in postoperative dental pain. Clin Ther. 2002;24:1072–1089. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

208. Ettlin DA, Ettlin A, Bless K, et al. Ibuprofen arginine for pain control during scaling and root planing: a randomized, triple-blind trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2006;33:345–350. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

209. Tam L. The safety of home bleaching techniques. J Can Dent Assoc. 1999;65:453–455. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

210. Leonard RH, Jr, Haywood VB, Phillips C. Risk factors for developing tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation associated with night-guard vital bleaching. Quintessance Int. 1997;28:527–534. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

211. Charakorn P, Cabanilla LL, Wagner WC, et al. The effect of preoperative ibuprofen on tooth sensitivity caused by in-office bleaching. OperDent. 2009;34:131–135. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

212. Warner TD, Giuliano F, Vojnovic I, Bukasa A, Mitchell JA, Vane JR. Nonsteroid drug selectivities for cyclooxygenase-1 rather than cyclooxygenase-2 are associated with human gastrointestinal toxicity: a full in vitro analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96:7563–7568. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

213. Gallelli L, Colosimo M, Pirritano D, et al. Retrospective evaluation of adverse drug reaction induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clin Drug Investig. 2007;27:115–122. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

214. Henry D, Lim LL, Garcia Rodriguez LA, et al. Variability in risk of gastrointestinal complications with individual non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: results of a collaborative meta-analysis. BMJ. 1996;312:1563–1566. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

215. Lugardon S, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Montastruc JL. Upper gastrointestinal adverse drug reactions and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (celecoxib and rofecoxib): a case/non-case study from the French Pharmacovigilance Database. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2004;60:673–677. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

216. Moore N. Forty years of ibuprofen use. Int J Clin Pract Suppl. 2003:28–31. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

217. Merlani G, Fox M, Oehen HP, et al. Fatal hepatoxicity secondary to nimesulide. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2001;57:321–326. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

218. Rabkin JM, Smith MJ, Orloff SL, Corless CL, Stenzel P, Olyaei AJ. Fatal fulminant hepatitis associated with bromfenac use. Ann Pharmacother. 1999;33:945–947. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

219. McCormick PA, Kennedy F, Curry M, Traynor O. COX-2 inhibitor and fulminant hepatic failure. Lancet. 1999;353:40–41. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

220. Heard K, Green JL, Bailey JE, Bogdan GM, Dart RC. A randomized trial to determine the change in alanine aminotransferase during 10 days of paracetamol (acetaminophen) in subjects who consume moderate amounts of alcohol. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;26:283–290. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

221. Gallelli L, Ferraro M, Mauro GF, De Fazio S, De Sarro G. Nimesulide-induced hepatotoxicity in a previously healthy woman. Clin Drug Investig. 2005;25:421–424. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

222. Heard K. Nonprescription analgesics: misunderstood and abused. Emergency Medicine. 2009;41:25–29. [Google Scholar]

224. Graham GG, Hicks M. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of paracetamol (acetaminophen) In: Rainsford KD, editor. Aspirin and Related Drugs. London: Taylor & Francis; 2004. pp. 182–213. [Google Scholar]

225. Doyle G, Furey S, Berlin R, et al. Gastrointestinal safety and tolerance of ibuprofen at maximum over-the-counter dose. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1999;13:897–906. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

226. Rainsford KD, Roberts SC, Brown S. Ibuprofen and paracetamol: relative safety in non-prescription dosages. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1997;49:345–376. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

227. Nimesulide ed epatotosicità BIF. 2007;XIV:112–116. [Google Scholar]

228. Bunting S, Gryglewski R, Moncada S, Vane JR. Arterial walls generate from prostaglandin endoperoxides a substance (prostaglandin X) which relaxes strips of mesenteric and coeliac arteries and inhibits platelet aggregation. Prostaglandins. 1976;12:897–913. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

229. Fitzgerald GA, Smith B, Pedersen AK, Brash AR. Increased prostacyclin biosynthesis in patients with severe atherosclerosis and platelet activation. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:1065–1068. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

230. Fitzgerald GA. Coxibs and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1709–1711. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

231. Juni P, Nartey L, Reichenbach S, Sterchi R, Dieppe PA, Egger M. Risk of cardiovascular events and rofecoxib: cumulative meta-analysis. Lancet. 2004;364:2021–2029. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

232. Chou R, Helfand M, Peterson K, Dana T, Roberts C. Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Analgesics for Osteoarthritis (Internet) Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2006. Sep, [Google Scholar]

233. Antman EM, Bennett JS, Daugherty A, Furberg C, Roberts H, Taubert KA American Heart Association. Use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: an update for clinicians: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007 Mar 27;115(12):1634–42. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

234. García Rodríguez LA, Hernández-Díaz S. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs as a trigger of clinical heart failure. Epidemiology. 2003;14:240–246. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

235. Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rosner B, Stampfer MJ. Frequency of analgesic use and risk of hypertension in younger women. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:2204–2208. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

236. Chan AT, Manson JE, Albert CM, et al. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, acetaminophen, and the risk of cardiovascular events. Circulation. 2006;113:1578–1587. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

237. Rahme E, Nedjar H. Risks and benefits of COX-2 inhibitors vs non-selective NSAIDs: does their cardiovascular risk exceed their gastrointestinal benefit? A retrospective cohort study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007;46:435–438. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

238. Troughton RW, Asher CR, Klein AL. Pericarditis. Lancet. 2004 Feb 28;363(9410):717–27. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

239. Raisz LG. Potential impact of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on bone metabolism in health and disease. Am J Med. 2001;110(Suppl 3A):43S–45S. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

240. Radi ZA, Khan NK. Effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition on bone, tendon and ligament healing. Inflamm Res. 2005;54:358–366. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

241. Huo MH, Troiano NW, Pelker RR, Gundberg CM, Friedlaender GE. The influence of ibuprofen on fracture repair: biomechanical, biochemical, histological and histomorphometric parameters in rats. J Orthop Res. 1991;9:383–390. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

242. Brown KM, Saunders MM, Kirsch T, Donahue HJ, Reid JS. Effect of COX-2-specific inhibition on fracture-healing in the rat femur. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86-A:116–123. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

243. Seidenberg AB, An YH. Is there an inhibitory effect of COX-2 inhibitors on bone healing? Pharmacol Res. 2004;50:151–156. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

244. Brocks D, Jamali F. The pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in humans and animals. In: Rainsford KD, editor. Ibuprofen. A critical Bibliographic Review. London: Taylor & Francis; 1999. pp. 89–142. [Google Scholar]

245. Tornio A, Niemi M, Neuvonen PJ, Backman JT. Stereoselective interaction between the CYP2C8 inhibitor gemfibrozil and racemic ibuprofen. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63:463–469. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

246. Werner U, Werner D, Rau T, Fromm MF, Hinz B, Brune K. Celecoxib inhibits metabolism of cytochrome P450 2D6 substrate metoprolol in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003;74:130–137. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

247. Davies NM, Anderson KE. Clinical pharmacokinetics of diclofenac. Therapeutic insights and pitfalls. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1997;33:184–213. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

248. Jamali F, Brocks DR. Clinical pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen and its enantiomers. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1990;19:197–217. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

249. Igbal Z, Khan A, Naz A, Khan JA, Khan GS. Pharmacokinetic interaction of ciprofloxacin with diclofenac: a single-dose, two-period crossover study in healthy adult volunteers. Clin Drug Investig. 2009;29:275–281. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

250. Karjalainen MJ, Neuvonen PJ, Backman JT. In vitro inhibition of CYP1A2 by model inhibitors, anti-inflammatory analgesics and female sex steroids: predictability of in vivo interactions. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2008;103:157–165. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

251. Khamdang S, Takeda M, Noshiro R, et al. Interactions of human organic anion transporters and human organic cation transporters with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002;303:534–539. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

252. Shitara Y, Horie T, Sugiyama Y. Transporters as a determinant of drug clearance and tissue distribution. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2006;27:425–446. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

253. Catella-Lawson F, Reilly MP, Kapoor SC, et al. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors and the antiplatelet effects of aspirin. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1809–1817. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

254. Kimmel SE, Berlin JA, Reilly M, et al. The effects of nonselective non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications on the risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction and their interaction with aspirin. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:985–990. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

255. Curtis JP, Wang Y, Portnay EL, Masoudi FA, Havranek EP, Krumholz HM. Aspirin, ibuprofen, and mortality after myocardial infarction: retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2003;327:1322–1323. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

256. Kean WF, Rainsford KD, Kean IR. Management of chronic musculoskeletal pain in the elderly: opinions on oral medication use. Inflammopharmacology. 2008;16:53–75. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

257. Cryer B, Berlin RG, Cooper SA, Hsu C, Wason S. Double-blind, randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled study of ibuprofen effects on thromboxane B2 concentrations in aspirin-treated healthy adult volunteers. Clin Ther. 2005;27:185–191. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

258. Schuijt MP, Huntjens-Fleuren HW, de Metz M, Vollaard EJ. The interaction of ibuprofen and diclofenac with aspirin in healthy volunteers. Br J Pharmacol. 2009;157:931–934. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

260. Grennan DM, Ferry DG, Ashworth ME, Kenny RE, Mackinnon M. The aspirin-ibuprofen interaction in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979;8:497–503. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

261. Velo GP, Minuz P, Arosio E, Capuzzo MG, Covi G, Lechi A. Interaction between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in man. In: Rainsford KD, Velo GP, editors. Side-Effects of Anti-inflammatory Drugs. Part 1. Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects. Lancaster (UK): MTP Press; 1987. pp. 195–201. [Google Scholar]

262. Badin C, Chambrier C, Anouifi A, Boucaud C, Bouletreau P. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor: a dangerous combination during postoperative period. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 1997;16:55–57. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

263. Wolf K, Castrop H, Hartner A, Goppelt-Strübe M, Hilgers K, Kurtz A. Inhibition of the rennin-angiotensin system upregulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression in the macula densa. Hypertension. 1999;34:503–507. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

264. Miwa LJ, Jones JK. Adverse drug reactions attributed to ibuprofen: effects other than gastrointestinal. Ibuprofen: A critical Bibliographic Review. In: Rainsford KD, editor. London: Taylor & Francis; 1999. pp. 499–538. [Google Scholar]

How much ibuprofen can I take for tooth pain?

Can ibuprofen take away tooth pain?

How long does it take for ibuprofen to work on a toothache?

Which ibuprofen is best for tooth pain?