Multiple Authors - 20 Authors or Less?
List all authors up to and including 20 authors.
Example
Clarke, N., D'Amato, A., Higgs, M., & Ramesh, V. (2018). Responsible leadership in projects: Insights into ethical decision making. Project Management Institute.
Explanation
List each author's last name first followed by a comma. Then, add the initials for the first and middle names (if there is one). Add a period after each initial. Separate each author with a comma. Insert an ampersand (&) before the last author.
Parenthetical & Narrative Citations
For one or two authors, list all authors in the reference. For three or more authors, list the first author followed by et al. This includes the first time the source is used in the paper.
Parenthetical Citation Example
(Clarke et al., 2018)
Narrative Citation Example
Clarke et al. (2018) found ......
Multiple Authors - 21 or More Authors?
List the first 19 authors' names, then insert an ellipse, and then add the last author's name.
Example
Gilbert, J. R., Smith, J. D., Johnson, R. S., Anderson, A., Plath, S., Martin, G., Sorenson, K., Jones, R., Adams, T., Rothbaum, Z., Esty, K., Gibbs, M., Taultson, B., Christner, G, Paulson, L., Tolo, K., Jacobson, W. L., Robinson, R. A., Maurer, O., . . . White, N. (2014). Choosing a title (2nd ed.). Unnamed Publishing.
Parenthetical Citation Example
(Gilbert et al., 2014)
Narrative Citation Example
Gilbert et al. (2014) ...
More Information
For more information about author format, see Section 9.8 on page 286 of the APA Manual, 7th edition.
Free Web with page numbers:
Wentzell, G. (2018). Engaging in scholarly teaching to transform practice: Encouragement for reluctant colleagues. InSight: A Journal of Scholarly Teaching, 13, 9-13. //www.insightjournal.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/1-Wentzell_Engaging-in-Scholarly-Teaching-to-Transform-Practice-Encouragement-for-Reluctant-Colleagues.pdf
Free Web with article number:
Munn, Z., Peters, M. D. J., Stern, C., Tufanaru, C., McArthur, A., & Aromataris, E. (2018). Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or a scoping review approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18(1), Article 143. //doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0611-x
Piece of Online Content
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of online content: Subtitle. Website Name. URL.
Reference List Citation | Aubrey, A. (2019, December 12) How to reduce food waste. NPR. //www.npr.org/2019/12/10/786867315/how-to-reduce-food-waste |
In-Text Citation | (Aubrey, 2019) |
Note: Review this source carefully! You may need to follow the citation structure for a news article, magazine article, blog post, journal article etc. Use the format that best describes your source.
Webpage
Author/Group/Organization Name. (Date). Title of page: Subtitle. Website Name. URL
Reference List Citation | University of Alabama. (2020). Coronavirus: Virtual student services. //healthinfo.ua.edu/virtual-student-services/ |
In-Text Citation | (University of Alabama, 2020) |
Note: If the author and website name are the same, omit the website name entry.
Blog Post
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of blog post. Blog Title. URL
Reference List Citation | Gritters. J. (2019, August 30). Are green spaces in cities as good for us as green spaces in mountains? REI CO-Op Journal. //www.rei.com/blog |
In-Text Citation | (Gritters, 2019) |
Report/Document from a website
Corporation/Group/Organization's Name. (Publication Date). Title of report: Subtitle (Publication Number). Website Name. URL
Reference List Citation | National Association of Social Workers. (2005). NASW standards for clinical social work in social work practice. //www.socialworkers.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=YOg4qdefLBE%3d&portalid=0 |
In-Text Citation | (National Association of Social Workers, 2005) |
Note: If the author and website name are the same, omit the website name entry.
Tips
No author? If the webpage's author is not listed, begin your citation with the title instead
Retrieved from? Only include a retrieval date when the webpage's content is likely to change over time
- Author. (Date). Title of page. Website name. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL
Dates?
- If there is no publication date, look for the date that the content was last updated or the copyright date.
- If an item has no date, use n.d. where you would normally put the date.